Book index
Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
Markus Neteler, Helena Mitasova
3. Edition 2007, 426 pages
Springer, New York
ISBN-10: 038735767X
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-35767-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-68574-8
Book Series: The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science: Volume 773
Index
3D interpolation 245 bash 364
4D interpolation 262 batch mode 338
bias 297
access control 35, 179 BIL format, import 63
aerial color image 59 BIN format, export 69
aerial photo 295 BIN format, import 63
aerial photo, segmentation 326 binary arrays format, import 63
aggregation, time series 325 binning 61, 250
albedo 299 bit per channel 291
animations, in 2D 269 boundaries 201
animations, in 3D 280 boundaries, extraction 229
anisotropy 239 breaklines 235
apparent pixel radiance at sensor 297 brightness levels 294
approximation 230 Brovey transform 313
arc segments 9 buffer 133
arc-node representation 9 buffering 203
ARC/INFO ASCII GRID format,
export 69 CAD, georeferencing 78
ARC/INFO GRID format, import 60 cartesian coordinates 13
area size, raster map 97 category labels 9, 99
area size, vector map 192 category labels, assigning to raster
areas 7, 9, 169 maps 99
ASCII raster format, export 69 category numbers 8, 9, 73
ASCII raster format, import 60 category, cross-category reports 129
aspect 121 cd 29, 36
ASTER format, import 64 CELL raster type 54
ASTER/TERRA 300 central meridian 15
atmospheric effects 289, 297, 299 centroid 70, 202
attribute table maintenance 179 CERL XII
attributes 8, 10 CGI 365
AVHRR format, import 63 change detection 306
awk 91, 101, 334, 336 channel, bandwidth 290
azimuth 15 channel, correlation 292
channel, radiometric resolution 290 CVS 4, 331, 332
channel, spatial resolution 290
channel, spectral resolution 290 d.barscale 263
chart, vector map 171 d.correlate 296
chgrp 29 d.erase 84, 86, 136
Chi-square test 316 d.extract 204, 268
chmod 29 d.font 265
chown 29 d.frame 32, 84, 263, 353
classification 296 d.his 142, 266
classification method, MLC 316, 318 d.histogram 294
classification method, partial supervised d.labels 265
315, 322 d.legend 85, 263, 353
classification method, SMAP 315 d.measure 224
classification method, supervised 314, d.mon 31, 32, 84
319 d.out.file 264
classification method, unsupervised d.path 216, 219
314, 316 d.polar 142
CLI 31 d.rast 25, 32, 84, 88, 91, 111, 116, 136,
cluster algorithm 316 139, 252, 266, 352, 353
color composites 292 d.rast.leg 86, 95, 301
color coordinate system 296 d.rast.region 335
color tables 84, 159 d.redraw 33, 84, 91
column, type convertion 183 d.rgb 294, 302
columns 8 d.slide.show 167, 171
combining of raster images 124 d.text 86, 263
command history 31 d.vect 25, 32, 80, 95, 116, 136, 137, 169,
command line 31 170, 185, 197, 198, 229, 328, 352,
compilation 332 353
compilation, own code 333 d.vect.chart 171
complete spatial randomness 196 d.vect.thematic 171
condition of continuity 232 d.what.rast 88, 139, 300, 337
continuous 3D field 8 d.what.vect 192, 223
continuous data 7 d.where 88, 193
continuous fields 54, 55, 169 d.zoom 32, 91, 170
contour lines 118 dark objects 300
convert image 283 data integration 12
convex hull 211 data model transformations 10
coordinate system 13, 15 data set, Maas river bank See also
coordinate system, Gauss-Krüger 18 Maas river bank soil pollution
coordinate system, State Plane 17 347
coordinate system, UTM 16 data set, North Carolina See also
cost surfaces 135 North Carolina data set 27
covariance function 262 database 8
covariograms 348 database management systems See
cross-validation 233, 237, 241, 243 also DBMS 10
cs2cs 45 database schema 176
CSV 81 datum See also map datum 15
CSV to SQL conversion 178 db.connect 174, 176, 179
cut 334 db.describe 180
db.execute 179, 183 elevation model, generating vector lines
db.in.ogr 178, 180 118
db.select 181, 226 elevation model, passes 149
db.tables 174, 176, 180 elevation model, peaks 149
DBF 10, 173 elevation model, pits 149
DBF driver 174 elevation model, planes 149
DBMS 10 elevation model, ridges 149
DCELL raster type 54 elevation model, shaded 266
debugging, shell scripts 337 ellipsoid 13, 14
default region 42 ellipsoid, Bessel 18
DEFAULT_WIND file 24 ellipsoid, Clarke 1866 19
DEM, carving a channel 148 ellipsoid, GRS80 19
DEM, lake filling 149 ellipsoid, WGS84 19
depressions 144 empirical cumulative distribution
developable surface 14 function 363
diffuse irradiance 299 EOF 98
digitizer board 187 EOSAT FAST Format 291
digitizing, accuracy 190 EPSG projection codes 38, 45
digitizing, maps 189 erosion modeling, process-based 163
digitizing, rules 188 erosion risk 160
digitizing, vectors 187 erosion, RUSLE/RUSLE3D 158
discrete data 7 erosion, topographic potential 382
discrete field 54 erosion, USLE 158
display 67 erosion, USLE/USLE3D 158
dissolving 204 erosion, USPED 161, 382
distance 201 Etopo DEM format, import 63
Euclidean distance 135
distance map 139 excavated volume 132
distance map, points to vector 201 export, ARC/INFO ASCII GRID 69
diversity 126 export, ASCII 69
DMS 42 export, BIN 69
DOQQ 62 export, MPEG 69
download, NC sample data 5 export, point format 70
driver, PNG 269 export, PPM 69
driver, PS 269 export, TIFF 69
driver, x0 See also monitor 263 export, VTK 284
DSM 255, 267 export, XYZ ASCII 70
DTD 333
DXF 81 false color composite 293
DXF format, import 77 false easting 15
DXF map, georeferencing 78 false northing 15
FCELL raster type 54
E00 format, import 75 feature extraction 326
echo 137, 337 feature space 295, 314, 316
edge detection 308 feet 43
elevation 10 field representation 7
elevation data, lidar 244 filter area sizes 97
elevation model, channels 149 filter, spatial convolution 307
elevation model, depressions 144 fire application 135
flag 25 GCPs 78
flooding 149 GDAL library 48, 58, 298
flow accumulation 147 GDAL-OGR GRASS plugin 365
flow direction, D8 143 gdal_translate 50
flow direction, Dinf 143 gdalinfo 50, 298, 302
flow path 147 gdalwarp 50, 292
flow routing algorithm, bivariate 143 geocoding, vector map 209
flow routing algorithm, D-infinity 147 geodetic datum 5
flow routing algorithm, MFD 143, 156 geodetic datum See also map datum
flow routing algorithm, SFD 143 14
font 265 geographic coordinates 13
foot 43 geoid 14
format, ARC/INFO Binary GRID 60 geomorphometry 149
format, ASCII raster 60 georeferenced map 13
format, binary raster 63 GeoTransform tag 292
format, DOQQ 62 ghostscript 272
format, DXF 77 gimp 67, 278
format, E00 75 GIS functionality 12
format, GIF animated 283 GIS functionality, data integration 12
format, GPS 76 GIS functionality, image processing 12
format, GRASS ASCII vector 75, 81 GIS functionality, network analysis 12
format, MrSID 62 GIS functionality, spatial analysis 12
format, POV-Ray 81 GIS functionality, visualization 12
format, SHAPE 80 GIS manager 29, 67
format, SVG 81 GIS, attribute component 7
format, VTK 81 GIS, concepts 7
fractal dimension 94 GIS, Internet based 11
Free Software 2, 4, 331 GIS, simulations 12
freedom of software 2 GIS, spatial component 7
FreeGIS project 2, 347 GIS, Web mapping 365
frequency domain 307 gis.m 29, 31, 67, 333
FWTools 48 GISDBASE 23
GLCF Maryland 49
g.copy 100 GLOBE DEM format, import 63
g.list 30 GMT format, import 63
g.manual 26 GNS data 76
g.mapsets 294 gnuplot 348
g.mlist 35, 130 Google Earth 11, 210
g.mremove 35 GPL 2, 3, 331
g.parser 337 GPS 18, 89, 195
g.projinfo 43 GPS data handling 364
g.region 43, 57, 80, 91, 117, 136, 139, gps manager 364
161, 231, 252, 258, 261, 275 GPS, import 76
g.rename 111 gpsbabel 76, 364
g.setproj 60, 340 gpstrans 76, 364
gain 297 gradient filters 308
Gauss-Boaga Grid System 15 graph theory 216
Gauss-Krüger Grid System 15, 18 graphical output 263
Gazetteer data, import 76 GRASS 3
GRASS ASCII vector format, export GRIDATB Topmodel format, import
81 64
GRASS ASCII vector format, import ground truth areas 319
75 groundwater modeling 156
GRASS Development Model 4 gstat 348
GRASS Development Team 4 gstat, GRASS support 349
GRASS license See also GPL 3 gstat, kriging 349
GRASS Project Steering Committee gstat, variogram 349
331 gstat, vector point data 350
GRASS startup screen 40, 44 GTOPO30 DEM format, import 63
GRASS, addon path variable 336 gv 272
GRASS, batch job 338
GRASS, binaries 21 hardcopy maps 271
GRASS, code distribution 21 haze effects 299
GRASS, coupling external software heads-up digitizing 187
334 heuristic methods 216
GRASS, CVS 332 HGT SRTM format, import 64
GRASS, data portability 54, 71 high pass filtering 308
GRASS, DATABASE 23 histogram 294
GRASS, datum transformation 45 history 335
GRASS, documentation 22 history file 86
GRASS, end session 34 history file See also r.info 243
GRASS, file management 34 hue 311
GRASS, floating point values 107 hydrologic modeling 155
GRASS, install script 23 hyperspectral data 305
GRASS, LOCATION 23
GRASS, location check 43 i.atcorr 300
GRASS, mailing lists 23, 331 i.class 315, 319, 320
GRASS, MAPSET 24 i.cluster 315317
GRASS, modular concept 333 i.fft 307
GRASS, monitor 31 i.fusion.brovey 313
GRASS, networked access (NFS) 23 i.gensig 315, 322
GRASS, PERMANENT mapset 43 i.gensigset 316, 322, 327
GRASS, programming, environment i.group 67, 297, 317
331 i.his.rgb 311
GRASS, programming, in C language i.ifft 307
341 i.landsat.dehaze 300
GRASS, programming, level of i.landsat.rgb 294
integration 334 i.maxlik 315, 316, 318, 321
GRASS, programming, Python 335 i.oif 292
GRASS, programming, scripts 335 i.pca 306
GRASS, programming, XML 333 i.points 67
GRASS, raster data precision 54 i.pr 316
GRASS, source code 21 i.rectify 67
grass63 29 i.rgb.his 311, 312
grid cells 8 i.smap 316, 322, 323, 326, 327
grid points 8 i.target 67
grid resolution 42, 56, 66 if-conditions 99, 109
GRID3D raster type 54 IHS color model 310
IHS color transformation 266 interpolation, RST, deviations 241
IHS image fusion 311 interpolation, RST, estimating accuracy
image enhancements 303 241
image fusion 310 interpolation, RST, overshoots 240
image fusion, Brovey transform 313 interpolation, RST, segmented
image fusion, IHS transformation 311 processing 244
image groups 297 interpolation, RST, smoothing 239
image overlay, into new map 124 interpolation, RST, tension 237
image processing 12 interpolation, RST, trivariate 261
image pyramid 322, 326 interpolation, RST, tuning parameters
image ratios 303 235
image segmentation, preprocessing interpolation, RST, visible segments
308 237, 245
image sharpening 308 interpolation, RST, volume 257
ImageMagick tools 67 interpolation, selecting method 230
import, ARC/INFO Binary GRID 60 interpolation, splines (general) 262
import, ASCII raster 60 interpolation, topographic influence
import, ASTER format 64 258
import, AVHRR 63 interpolation, visible segments 247
import, BIL 63 interpolation, volume-temporal 261
import, binary arrays 63 interspersion 126
import, Etopo DEM 63 iso-chrones 139
import, GLOBE DEM 63 isolines 9, 118
import, GMT 63
import, GRIDATB Topmodel format JAVA 11
64 join, attribute table 180
import, GTOPO30 DEM 63
import, HGT SRTM format 64 KML format 81, 210
import, MAT MATLAB format 64 kriging 262, 349, 358
import, MrSID format 62 kriging, gstat 349
import, SHAPE vector 74 kriging, R 358
import, TIFF 65
import, WFS 78 Lambert Conformal Conic 17
import, WMS 64 land cover factor 158, 382
intensity (IHS model) 310 Land Surface Temperature 301
interoperability 53 land use class 296
interpolation 230 land use/land cover maps 314
interpolation, bilinear 119 LANDSAT 5
interpolation, IDW 119, 232 LANDSAT-TM5 290, 292, 300
interpolation, inverse distance weighted LANDSAT-TM7 298, 300, 311, 313
See also interpolation, IDW 232 landscape process modeling 155
interpolation, kriging 262, 349, 358 landscape structure analysis 153
interpolation, large data sets 244 latitude-longitude 16, 45, 46, 120
interpolation, multivariate 258 lattice 8
interpolation, nearest neighbor 119 layer 73
interpolation, precipitation 258 least-cost algorithm 135, 144
interpolation, RST 119, 235 legend, vector map 171
interpolation, RST, comparison to IDW length-slope factor 158, 382
245 lidar 5, 61, 203, 209, 244, 249, 288
line length, vector map 192 mapset 24, 40
line of sight 152 mapset, search path 35, 294
line segment 198 MASK 337
linear reference system 221 MASK See also r.mask 103
linear regression 131 MASK, creating with r.mapcalc 111
lines 7, 9, 169 massive DEM 147
listing of maps 34 MAT MATLAB format, import 64
location 23, 40 MATLAB data, import 75
location, auto-generate 60, 338 matrix filters 307
location, create 37, 40, 44 Maximum Likelihood classifier See
location, create latitude-longitude 40 also MLC 315
location, create xy 44 MayaVi 81
location, remove 36 meshes 9
low pass filtering 308 metadata 86, 172, 291
lpr 272 mixed pixels 316, 321
LRS See also linear reference system mkdir 29
221 MLC 316, 318, 327
LUT 297 MODIS 5, 323
monitor, frames 263
m.proj 45, 199, 217 monitor, list of displayed maps 84
Maas river bank soil pollution data monitor, multiple 32
347, 348, 351 monitor, size 263
main 343 monitor, split 263
Makefile 342 movies See also animations 282
Manhattan metric 135 moving window 307
Manning 163 MPEG format, export 69
map algebra 9 MrSID format, import 62
map algebra See also r.mapcalc multimedia 12
105 multispectral data, classification 314
map datum 14, 18 multitemporal data, analysis 323
map datum, NAD27 17, 18 multitemporal data, visualization 269
map datum, NAD83 17, 18 mv 29, 36
map datum, transformation 18 MySQL 10, 173
map datum, WGS84 18 MySQL driver 176
map extent 56
map features 9 NASA WorldWind 11, 210
map legend 85 national grid systems 15
map mosaic 114 NDVI 107, 304
map printing 271 netpbm tools 67, 69
map projection 13 network analysis 216
map projection, azimuthal 14 network file system (NFS) 54
map projection, conformal 14 nodes extraction 199
map projection, conic 14 nodes, vector 9
map projection, cylindrical 14 noise distribution model 133
map projection, equidistant 14 normality tests 196
map projection, equivalent 14 North American Datum 1927 18
map scale 8 North American Datum 1983 18
map, import and geocoding scanned North Carolina data set 27, 83, 355
66 NULL 70, 94, 103, 104, 107, 110
NULL, filling data holes in a raster PERL 339
maps 122 PERMANENT 24
nviz 33, 210, 269, 273 permissions, file 335
nviz, controlling light 277 PHP 334, 339
nviz, cutting planes 279 pipe 69, 98
nviz, displaying raster maps 273, 275 pit See also depressions 144
nviz, displaying vector maps 276 pixel 8
nviz, exaggeration 280 plane, generate 114
nviz, key frame animations 280 PNG driver 269
nviz, map queries 279 PNG driver See also driver 269
nviz, multiple maps 273 point cloud 9
nviz, multiple surfaces 279 points 9, 169
nviz, raster resolution 275 points See also vector map 7
nviz, saving settings 278 polygons 70
nviz, screen saving to file 278 polygons, boundaries 201
nviz, scripting 283 polygons, vector 9
nviz, surface properties 275 portability 331
nviz, view control 274 PostGIS 10, 81, 179
PostgreSQL 10, 81, 173
objects, geometrical 7 PostgreSQL driver 176
oblique projection 15 Postscript output 271
octtrees 245 POVRay format, export 81
ODBC 10 PPM format, export 69
OGR 50, 73 ppmtompeg 283
OGR library 48, 73 prevention measures factor 158, 382
ogr2ogr 50, 178, 208 prime meridian 15
ogrinfo 50 primitives 70
Open Source software 1, 347 Principal Component Transformation
OpenGL 333 See also PCT 305
OpenLayers 365 profile 88
OpenOffice.org 81 profile curvature 121
optimal route 138 programmer's manual 341
optimum index factor method 292 programming, GRASS 331
Oracle 179 PROJ4 45
orthophoto 62, 161 projection 47
OSGeo 3, 12, 365 projection parameters 45
oversampling 246 projection transformation 45
overshoot 191 projection, Gauss-Krüger 18
overwrite, maps 25 projection, Lambert Conformal Conic
17
pan 170 projection, oblique 15
parallel line 198 projection, State Plane 17
parameter 25 projection, transverse 15
parameter scans 283 projection, Transverse Mercator 18
Paraview 81, 166 projection, UTM 16
parser 337 PS driver See also driver 269
patching raster maps 124 ps.map 271
path radiance 299 Public Domain software 2
PCT 305 Python 339
PyWPS 11, 340 r.describe 86
r.digit 92, 321, 327
QGIS 365 r.drain 138
QGIS (Quantum GIS) 26 r.fill.dir 144
QGIS, digitizing tool 190 r.fillnulls 122
QGIS, map file 365 r.flow 143, 147
quadtrees 244 r.gwflow 156
query form 193 r.his 267
query, SQL 192 r.in.ascii 60
query, vector-raster 193 r.in.aster 64
r.in.bin 63
R software for statistical computing r.in.gdal 5860, 67, 339
See also R 196, 353 r.in.gridatb 64
R, batch mode 363 r.in.mat 64
R, contributed packages 354 r.in.poly 61
R, current region 354 r.in.srtm 64
R, demo() 354 r.in.wms 64
R, example() 355 r.in.xyz 61, 250
R, gstat() 360 r.info 30, 86, 87, 104, 243, 246, 298
R, help pages 355 r.lake 149
R, history() 355 r.li 153
R, installation 354 r.li.edgedensity 155
R, kriging 358 r.li.mps 155
R, library() 355, 356 r.li.patchdensity 154
R, plot() 357 r.li.patchnum 153, 154
R, predict() 361 r.li.richness 153
R, q() 355 r.li.setup 153, 154
R, readRAST6() 358 r.li.shannon 155
R, readVECT6() 356 r.li.simpson 153
R, spatial classes 353 r.line 116
R, spplot() 358 r.los 152
R, str() 356 r.mapcalc 91, 105, 125, 139, 143, 161,
R, summary() 356 298, 302, 321, 324, 328, 352
R, surf.ls() 355 r.mapcalc, graph operators 112
R, system() 358 r.mapcalc, MASK 111
R, univariate statistics 356 r.mapcalc, NULL 110
R, variogram() 360 r.mask 103, 337, 358
R, writeRAST6() 362 r.median 128
r.average 128 r.mfilter 308
r.buffer 133 r.mode 128
r.carve 148 r.neighbors 126
r.cats 86, 96, 100, 126 r.null 104
r.centroid 337 r.out.ascii 61, 70
r.clump 102 r.out.mpeg 269
r.colors 84, 124, 232, 265, 312, 319, 353 r.out.ppm 69
r.composite 69, 267, 293 r.out.ppm3 267, 293
r.contour 118, 119, 227 r.out.vtk 69, 285
r.cost 137, 139 r.out.xyz 70
r.cross 126 r.patch 124
r.plane, r3.cross.rast 168 r3.mapcalc 168
r.profile 90 r3.mask 168
r.proj 45, 47 r3.out.ascii 70
r.random 117, 121, 202, 247 r3.out.vtk 69, 284
r.random.cells 93 r3.stats 168
r.random.surface 93 r3.to.rast 167
r.reclass 94, 102 radiometric resolution 290
r.reclass.area 97, 328 radiometric transformations 303
r.recode 97, 114 rainfall factor 158, 382
r.region 65 random points 202
r.report 90, 100, 101, 130, 153, 160, random sampling 93, 202
302, 337 raster category label 54
r.resamp.interp 119, 120 raster data model 7
r.resamp.rst 121 raster data, floating point 107
r.resamp.stats 123 raster data, integer 107
r.rescale 97 raster data, interpolation See also
r.rescale.eq 97 interpolation 119
r.series 324 raster formats See also formats 58
r.shaded.relief 142, 266 raster formats, ASCII 58
r.sim.sediment 164 raster formats, binary 58
r.sim.water 143, 163 raster formats, image 58
r.slope.aspect 142, 233, 375 raster image, export 69
r.statistics 128 raster image, import 58
r.stats 70, 90, 91, 101, 102 raster map types 54
r.sun 150 raster maps, algebra 105
r.sunmask 150 raster maps, assigning category labels
r.support 59, 66, 86, 100 99
r.surf.area 132 raster maps, assigning new attributes
r.surf.contour 234 100
r.surf.fractal 94 raster maps, automated vectorization
r.surf.idw 121, 233 115
r.terraflow 143, 147, 155 raster maps, buffer 133
r.texture 128, 328 raster maps, color tables 84
r.thin 116 raster maps, conversion between raster
r.timestamp 87 map types 97
r.to.rast3elev 167 raster maps, create 92
r.to.vect 115, 116, 188, 227, 302, 307, raster maps, digitizing 92
327, 328 raster maps, display 83
r.topidx 148, 155 raster maps, filling data holes 122
r.topmodel 143 raster maps, floating point 107
r.transect 90 raster maps, import 58
r.univar 90, 104, 118, 337 raster maps, legend 85
r.volume 132 raster maps, managing category labels
r.walk 139 99
r.water.outlet 145 raster maps, mask 103
r.watershed 143 raster maps, metadata 86
r.what 88, 89, 300 raster maps, NULL 104
r3.gwflow 156 raster maps, patching 124
r3.info 167 raster maps, profile 88
raster maps, query 88 satellite data, radiometric preprocessing
raster maps, reclassification 94 297
raster maps, resampling 56, 119 satellite data, resolution 290
raster maps, resolution 56 satellite data, surface temperature map
raster maps, spatial filter 97 300
raster maps, subsets 91 satellite data, thematic classification
raster maps, univariate statistics 90 314
raster maps, zoom 32, 91 satellite data, thermal channel 300
raster model 8 satellite data, variances 305
reclassification 94 saturation 311
reclassified map, raster 55, 94, 314 scale 8, 249
reclassified map, vector 185 scale factor 15, 18
region 56 scanned map 66
region data, import 75 scanned map, rectification 69
region, align to resolution 57, 229 scatterplot 297
region, relative coordinates 57 schema 176
region, saving 91 script 335
region, spatial extent 65 scripts, Python 335
rejection map 316 scripts, shell 335
remote sensing, lidar 249 sed 232, 334
remote sensing, lidar See also lidar segmentation 244
288 segmentation, aerial photo 326
remote sensing, microwave 287 segmented processing 244
remote sensing, optical 287 segments, visible 246
remote sensing, thermal 287 Sequential Maximum A Posteriori
reprojection 45 classifier See also SMAP 316
resampling 56 shaded terrain 142, 247
resampling, bicubic 119 shadow map 150
resampling, bilinear 119 SHAPE format, export 80
resampling, nearest neighbor 119 shell 334
resampling, RST 121 shell scripts 335
resolution 8, 42, 119, 290 shortest distances 136, 139, 201
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation shortest path 219
158 sidescan sonar 61
RGB color composites 292 Simple Features 75, 197
RGB color model 310 simulations 12
rm 36 sink See also depressions 144
RMS error 68, 80, 243 sink filling 144
roughness penalty See also surface skeletonizing raster lines 115
smoothness 237 slope 121
route, optimal 138 SMAP 315, 322, 326
routing 216 smoothness seminorm See also
rows 8 surface smoothness 237
RUSLE/RUSLE3D 158 soil factor 158, 382
soil loss, annual 158, 382
satellite data, color composites 292 solar energy maps 150
satellite data, groups 297 source code structure 341
satellite data, image calibration 298 spaghetti maps 191
satellite data, image fusion 310 spatial analysis 12
spatial convolution 307 SWIG 333
spatial domain 307
spatial perturbation 202 table join 206
spatial resolution 290 tar 29, 36
spectral resolution 290 Tasseled Cap transformation 300
spectrum, green vegetation 289 temperature map 300
spectrum, infrared 287 terrain effects 298
spectrum, microwaves 288 texture 328
spectrum, thermal 287 thermal radiation 301
spectrum, unvegetated soil 289 thin flexible plate splines 235
spectrum, visible 287 TIFF format, export 69
spectrum, water 289 TIFF format, import 65
sphere 13 tiff, tfw file 59
spheroid 14 tile boundaries, dissolving 206
splines 9, 230 time series 283, 323
SQL 173 time series analysis 323
SQL CAST 183 timestamps 87
SQL queries 181 TIN 236
SQL, character substitution 183 topographic parameters 121
SQL, column maintenance 179 topographic wetness index 148, 381
SQL, column type casts 183 topology 9, 117, 169, 188
SQL, column type conversions 183 topology, skipping 251
SQL, complex expressions 184 training areas 315, 321, 322, 327
SQL, GRANT 179 training areas, generating from auxiliary
SQL, LIKE 222 maps 321
SQL, Null handling 182 training map 319
SQL, pattern matching 182 transect 88
SQL, REVOKE 179 translucent map 266
SQL, SELECT 181 Transverse Mercator 17
SQL, subquery expressions 182 transverse projection 15
SQL, table join 180 Triangulated Irregular Network 236
SQL, table maintenance 179 true map scale 15
SQL, UPDATE 184
SQL, WHERE 181 undershoot 191
SQLite 10, 173 Universal Soil Loss Equation 158
SQLite driver 175 Universal Transverse Mercator See
sqlite.db 175 also UTM 15
SRTM 5, 60 UNIX, piping See also pipes 69
standard parallel 14 unixODBC driver 177
State Plane Coordinate System 15, 17 UPS 16
stdout 69, 89 upslope contributing area 159
Stefan-Boltzmann equation 301 USLE/USLE3D 158
subgroup signature 322 UTM 15, 16, 46
sun illumination 150
sun position calculation 150 v.buffer 203
sunshine duration 152 v.build 76, 197, 252
surface calculation 132 v.build.polylines 191, 198, 222
surface smoothness 237 v.category 73, 173, 187, 213, 214, 229
SVG format, export 81 v.centroids 202
v.clean 75, 191, 197, 205, 213, 307 v.net.steiner 216
v.convert 70 v.normal 196
v.db.addcol 179, 211, 218 v.out.ascii 75, 81, 117
v.db.addtable 179, 186, 214 v.out.dxf 81
v.db.connect 73, 179, 187 v.out.ogr 210
v.db.dropcol 179, 211 v.out.vtk 285
v.db.droptable 179 v.overlay 206
v.db.join 180 v.parallel 203
v.db.renamecol 179, 247 v.patch 205, 247
v.db.select 173, 182, 211, 213, 215, 221, v.perturb 202
247 v.proj 45, 47, 48, 77, 210
v.db.update 173, 179, 184, 186, 218, v.qcount 196
319 v.random 202
v.delaunay 211 v.rast.stats 194
v.digit 75, 197, 206, 321, 327 v.reclass 185
v.digit, digitizing 189 v.report 186, 192, 328
v.digit, nodes snapping 191 v.sample 194, 209
v.dissolve 204 v.segment 198, 203
v.distance 201, 217, 224 v.select 206, 208, 216
v.drape 210 v.split 198, 210
v.edit 191, 197, 204, 205, 220, 224 v.support 172
v.edit, digitizing 192 v.surf.idw 232, 245
v.external 74, 179 v.surf.rst 121, 122, 235, 244, 247
v.extract 182, 204, 216, 222, 229, 321 v.to.db 187, 199, 201, 205, 210, 211,
v.extrude 209 215
v.hull 211 v.to.points 199, 202, 247
v.in.ascii 76, 137 v.to.rast 136, 139, 227, 232, 234, 252,
v.in.db 211 321, 327, 358
v.in.dxf 78, 79 v.to.rast3 167, 261
v.in.e00 75 v.transform 78, 80, 209
v.in.garmin 76, 364 v.type 202, 229
v.in.gpsbabel 76, 364 v.univar 196
v.in.mapgen 75 v.vol.idw 261
v.in.ogr 25, 73, 74 v.vol.rst 235, 244, 260
v.in.region 47, 206 v.volt.rst 235, 262
v.in.sites 70 v.voronoi 211, 232
v.in.wfs 78 v.what 193
v.info 30, 172, 186, 197 v.what.rast 193
v.kernel 229 v.what.vect 186, 193
v.label 265, 272 variograms 348
v.lrs.create 221 vector color column 183
v.lrs.label 221 vector colors 170, 183
v.lrs.segment 221 vector data, digitizing 187
v.lrs.where 221 vector data, geometry 196
v.net 202, 216, 217 vector data, SQL 173
v.net.alloc 216 vector data, topology 197
v.net.iso 216, 218 vector editing 224
v.net.path 216 vector geometry type 202
v.net.salesman 216 vector layer 186, 201
vector map, geocoding 209 vector, cookie cutter 206
vector map, history 172 vectorization, automated 115
vector maps, 3D face 71 vegetation index 107, 304
vector maps, area sizes 192 verbosity, commands 25
vector maps, areas 70 vertical units conversion 209
vector maps, attribute data 73 vertices extraction 199
vector maps, centroid 70 vertices, vector 9
vector maps, clipping 206 viewshed See also line of sight 152
vector maps, columns 172 visual analysis 263, 273
vector maps, common boundaries 188 visualization 12, 263
vector maps, converting to raster model visualization, in 2D See also d.rast
227, 234 and See also nviz 263
vector maps, digitizing See also visualization, in 3D 273
vectorization 189 visualization, multiple maps 273
vector maps, dissolving 204 visualization, multitemporal data 269,
vector maps, feature extraction 204 280
vector maps, gap 75, 197 visualization, nviz 273
vector maps, intersecting 206 visualization, Paraview 284
vector maps, islands 71 volume 167
vector maps, layer 73 volume calculation 132
vector maps, line length 192 volume, curvatures 262
vector maps, lines 70 volume, gradients 262
vector maps, merging See also volume, of excavation 132
patching 205 volume-temporal interpolation 261
vector maps, nodes 70 Voronoi polygons 230
vector maps, object type 70 voxel 8, 166, 258, 261
vector maps, overshoot 197 VTK format, export 81
vector maps, patching 205
walking person 139
vector maps, points 70
watershed analysis 140
vector maps, polygon neighbors 215
watershed outlet 145
vector maps, polylines 71
waypoints, import 76
vector maps, querying 172
Web Processing Service 11, 340
vector maps, reclassification 185 Web Services 11, 26, 340, 365
vector maps, selective object removal WebGIS 340
205 WebGIS, OpenLayers 365
vector maps, sliver 75, 197 WebGIS, UMN/MapServer 365
vector maps, snapping 74, 188, 191 WFS, import 78
vector maps, topology 72, 169 wildcards 34, 269
vector maps, vertices 70 WIND file 24
vector mask 206 WMS, import 64
vector model 7, 9 wxWidgets 333
vector native directions 197
vector network analysis 216 xganim 157, 167, 260, 269
vector points maps, spatial interpolation XML 333
230
vector points maps, transformation to zonal statistics 102
rasters 230 zoom 91, 170
vector topology 197 zoom, nviz 274