Book index

Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
Markus Neteler, Helena Mitasova
3. Edition 2007, 426 pages
Springer, New York
ISBN-10: 038735767X
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-35767-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-68574-8
Book Series: The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science: Volume 773

Index

3D interpolation    245                   bash 364
4D interpolation    262                   batch mode 338
                                          bias 297
access control 35, 179                    BIL format, import 63
aerial color image 59                     BIN format, export 69
aerial photo 295                          BIN format, import 63
aerial photo, segmentation 326            binary arrays format, import    63
aggregation, time series 325              binning 61, 250
albedo 299                                bit per channel 291
animations, in 2D 269                     boundaries 201
animations, in 3D 280                     boundaries, extraction 229
anisotropy 239                            breaklines 235
apparent pixel radiance at sensor 297     brightness levels 294
approximation 230                         Brovey transform 313
arc segments 9                            buffer 133
arc-node representation 9                 buffering 203
ARC/INFO ASCII GRID format,
      export 69                           CAD, georeferencing 78
ARC/INFO GRID format, import 60           cartesian coordinates 13
area size, raster map 97                  category labels 9, 99
area size, vector map 192                 category labels, assigning to raster
areas 7, 9, 169                                 maps 99
ASCII raster format, export 69            category numbers 8, 9, 73
ASCII raster format, import 60            category, cross-category reports 129
aspect 121                                cd 29, 36
ASTER format, import 64                   CELL raster type 54
ASTER/TERRA 300                           central meridian 15
atmospheric effects 289, 297, 299         centroid 70, 202
attribute table maintenance 179           CERL XII
attributes 8, 10                          CGI 365
AVHRR format, import 63                   change detection 306
awk 91, 101, 334, 336                     channel, bandwidth 290
azimuth 15                                channel, correlation 292



channel, radiometric resolution 290       CVS     4, 331, 332
channel, spatial resolution 290
channel, spectral resolution 290          d.barscale 263
chart, vector map 171                     d.correlate 296
chgrp 29                                  d.erase 84, 86, 136
Chi-square test 316                       d.extract 204, 268
chmod 29                                  d.font 265
chown 29                                  d.frame 32, 84, 263, 353
classification 296                        d.his 142, 266
classification method, MLC 316, 318       d.histogram 294
classification method, partial supervised d.labels 265
      315, 322                            d.legend 85, 263, 353
classification method, SMAP 315           d.measure 224
classification method, supervised 314,    d.mon 31, 32, 84
      319                                 d.out.file 264
classification method, unsupervised       d.path 216, 219
      314, 316                            d.polar 142
CLI 31                                    d.rast 25, 32, 84, 88, 91, 111, 116, 136,
cluster algorithm 316                           139, 252, 266, 352, 353
color composites 292                      d.rast.leg 86, 95, 301
color coordinate system 296               d.rast.region 335
color tables 84, 159                      d.redraw 33, 84, 91
column, type convertion 183               d.rgb 294, 302
columns 8                                 d.slide.show 167, 171
combining of raster images 124            d.text 86, 263
command history 31                        d.vect 25, 32, 80, 95, 116, 136, 137, 169,
command line 31                                 170, 185, 197, 198, 229, 328, 352,
compilation 332                                 353
compilation, own code 333                 d.vect.chart 171
complete spatial randomness 196           d.vect.thematic 171
condition of continuity 232               d.what.rast 88, 139, 300, 337
continuous 3D field 8                     d.what.vect 192, 223
continuous data 7                         d.where 88, 193
continuous fields 54, 55, 169             d.zoom 32, 91, 170
contour lines 118                         dark objects 300
convert image 283                         data integration 12
convex hull 211                           data model transformations 10
coordinate system 13, 15                  data set, Maas river bank        See also
coordinate system, Gauss-Krüger 18              Maas river bank soil pollution
coordinate system, State Plane 17               347
coordinate system, UTM 16                 data set, North Carolina        See also
cost surfaces 135                               North Carolina data set 27
covariance function 262                   database 8
covariograms 348                          database management systems            See
cross-validation 233, 237, 241, 243             also DBMS 10
cs2cs 45                                  database schema 176
CSV 81                                    datum        See also map datum 15
CSV to SQL conversion 178                 db.connect 174, 176, 179
cut 334                                   db.describe 180


db.execute 179, 183                       elevation model, generating vector lines
db.in.ogr 178, 180                               118
db.select 181, 226                        elevation model, passes 149
db.tables 174, 176, 180                   elevation model, peaks 149
DBF 10, 173                               elevation model, pits 149
DBF driver 174                            elevation model, planes 149
DBMS 10                                   elevation model, ridges 149
DCELL raster type 54                      elevation model, shaded 266
debugging, shell scripts 337              ellipsoid 13, 14
default region 42                         ellipsoid, Bessel 18
DEFAULT_WIND file 24                      ellipsoid, Clarke 1866 19
DEM, carving a channel 148                ellipsoid, GRS80 19
DEM, lake filling 149                     ellipsoid, WGS84 19
depressions 144                           empirical cumulative distribution
developable surface 14                           function 363
diffuse irradiance 299                    EOF 98
digitizer board 187                       EOSAT FAST Format 291
digitizing, accuracy 190                  EPSG projection codes 38, 45
digitizing, maps 189                      erosion modeling, process-based 163
digitizing, rules 188                     erosion risk 160
digitizing, vectors 187                   erosion, RUSLE/RUSLE3D 158
discrete data 7                           erosion, topographic potential 382
discrete field 54                         erosion, USLE 158
display 67                                erosion, USLE/USLE3D 158
dissolving 204                            erosion, USPED 161, 382
distance 201                              Etopo DEM format, import 63
                                          Euclidean distance 135
distance map 139                          excavated volume 132
distance map, points to vector 201        export, ARC/INFO ASCII GRID 69
diversity 126                             export, ASCII 69
DMS 42                                    export, BIN 69
DOQQ 62                                   export, MPEG 69
download, NC sample data 5                export, point format 70
driver, PNG 269                           export, PPM 69
driver, PS 269                            export, TIFF 69
driver, x0      See also monitor 263      export, VTK 284
DSM 255, 267                              export, XYZ ASCII 70
DTD 333
DXF 81                                    false color composite 293
DXF format, import 77                     false easting 15
DXF map, georeferencing 78                false northing 15
                                          FCELL raster type 54
E00 format, import 75                     feature extraction 326
echo 137, 337                             feature space 295, 314, 316
edge detection 308                        feet 43
elevation 10                              field representation 7
elevation data, lidar 244                 filter area sizes 97
elevation model, channels 149             filter, spatial convolution 307
elevation model, depressions 144          fire application 135


flag 25                                   GCPs 78
flooding 149                              GDAL library 48, 58, 298
flow accumulation 147                     GDAL-OGR GRASS plugin 365
flow direction, D8 143                    gdal_translate 50
flow direction, Dinf 143                  gdalinfo 50, 298, 302
flow path 147                             gdalwarp 50, 292
flow routing algorithm, bivariate 143     geocoding, vector map 209
flow routing algorithm, D-infinity 147    geodetic datum 5
flow routing algorithm, MFD 143, 156      geodetic datum      See also map datum
flow routing algorithm, SFD 143                 14
font 265                                  geographic coordinates 13
foot 43                                   geoid 14
format, ARC/INFO Binary GRID 60           geomorphometry 149
format, ASCII raster 60                   georeferenced map 13
format, binary raster 63                  GeoTransform tag 292
format, DOQQ 62                           ghostscript 272
format, DXF 77                            gimp 67, 278
format, E00 75                            GIS functionality 12
format, GIF animated 283                  GIS functionality, data integration 12
format, GPS 76                            GIS functionality, image processing 12
format, GRASS ASCII vector 75, 81         GIS functionality, network analysis 12
format, MrSID 62                          GIS functionality, spatial analysis 12
format, POV-Ray 81                        GIS functionality, visualization 12
format, SHAPE 80                          GIS manager 29, 67
format, SVG 81                            GIS, attribute component 7
format, VTK 81                            GIS, concepts 7
fractal dimension 94                      GIS, Internet based 11
Free Software 2, 4, 331                   GIS, simulations 12
freedom of software 2                     GIS, spatial component 7
FreeGIS project 2, 347                    GIS, Web mapping 365
frequency domain 307                      gis.m 29, 31, 67, 333
FWTools 48                                GISDBASE 23
                                          GLCF Maryland 49
g.copy 100                                GLOBE DEM format, import 63
g.list 30                                 GMT format, import 63
g.manual 26                               GNS data 76
g.mapsets 294                             gnuplot 348
g.mlist 35, 130                           Google Earth 11, 210
g.mremove 35                              GPL 2, 3, 331
g.parser 337                              GPS 18, 89, 195
g.projinfo 43                             GPS data handling 364
g.region 43, 57, 80, 91, 117, 136, 139,   gps manager 364
      161, 231, 252, 258, 261, 275        GPS, import 76
g.rename 111                              gpsbabel 76, 364
g.setproj 60, 340                         gpstrans 76, 364
gain 297                                  gradient filters 308
Gauss-Boaga Grid System 15                graph theory 216
Gauss-Krüger Grid System 15, 18           graphical output 263
Gazetteer data, import 76                 GRASS 3


GRASS ASCII vector format, export         GRIDATB Topmodel format, import
      81                                         64
GRASS ASCII vector format, import         ground truth areas 319
      75                                  groundwater modeling 156
GRASS Development Model 4                 gstat 348
GRASS Development Team 4                  gstat, GRASS support 349
GRASS license      See also GPL 3         gstat, kriging 349
GRASS Project Steering Committee          gstat, variogram 349
      331                                 gstat, vector point data 350
GRASS startup screen 40, 44               GTOPO30 DEM format, import 63
GRASS, addon path variable 336            gv 272
GRASS, batch job 338
GRASS, binaries 21                        hardcopy maps 271
GRASS, code distribution 21               haze effects 299
GRASS, coupling external software         heads-up digitizing 187
      334                                 heuristic methods 216
GRASS, CVS 332                            HGT SRTM format, import 64
GRASS, data portability 54, 71            high pass filtering 308
GRASS, DATABASE 23                        histogram 294
GRASS, datum transformation 45            history 335
GRASS, documentation 22                   history file 86
GRASS, end session 34                     history file     See also r.info 243
GRASS, file management 34                 hue 311
GRASS, floating point values 107          hydrologic modeling 155
GRASS, install script 23                  hyperspectral data 305
GRASS, LOCATION 23
GRASS, location check 43                  i.atcorr 300
GRASS, mailing lists 23, 331              i.class 315, 319, 320
GRASS, MAPSET 24                          i.cluster 315­317
GRASS, modular concept 333                i.fft 307
GRASS, monitor 31                         i.fusion.brovey 313
GRASS, networked access (NFS) 23          i.gensig 315, 322
GRASS, PERMANENT mapset 43                i.gensigset 316, 322, 327
GRASS, programming, environment           i.group 67, 297, 317
      331                                 i.his.rgb 311
GRASS, programming, in C language         i.ifft 307
      341                                 i.landsat.dehaze 300
GRASS, programming, level of              i.landsat.rgb 294
      integration 334                     i.maxlik 315, 316, 318, 321
GRASS, programming, Python 335            i.oif 292
GRASS, programming, scripts 335           i.pca 306
GRASS, programming, XML 333               i.points 67
GRASS, raster data precision 54           i.pr 316
GRASS, source code 21                     i.rectify 67
grass63 29                                i.rgb.his 311, 312
grid cells 8                              i.smap 316, 322, 323, 326, 327
grid points 8                             i.target 67
grid resolution 42, 56, 66                if-conditions 99, 109
GRID3D raster type 54                     IHS color model 310


IHS color transformation 266              interpolation, RST, deviations 241
IHS image fusion 311                      interpolation, RST, estimating accuracy
image enhancements 303                          241
image fusion 310                          interpolation, RST, overshoots 240
image fusion, Brovey transform 313        interpolation, RST, segmented
image fusion, IHS transformation 311            processing 244
image groups 297                          interpolation, RST, smoothing 239
image overlay, into new map 124           interpolation, RST, tension 237
image processing 12                       interpolation, RST, trivariate 261
image pyramid 322, 326                    interpolation, RST, tuning parameters
image ratios 303                                235
image segmentation, preprocessing         interpolation, RST, visible segments
      308                                       237, 245
image sharpening 308                      interpolation, RST, volume 257
ImageMagick tools 67                      interpolation, selecting method 230
import, ARC/INFO Binary GRID 60           interpolation, splines (general) 262
import, ASCII raster 60                   interpolation, topographic influence
import, ASTER format 64                         258
import, AVHRR 63                          interpolation, visible segments 247
import, BIL 63                            interpolation, volume-temporal 261
import, binary arrays 63                  interspersion 126
import, Etopo DEM 63                      iso-chrones 139
import, GLOBE DEM 63                      isolines 9, 118
import, GMT 63
import, GRIDATB Topmodel format           JAVA 11
      64                                  join, attribute table   180
import, GTOPO30 DEM 63
import, HGT SRTM format 64                KML format 81, 210
import, MAT MATLAB format 64              kriging 262, 349, 358
import, MrSID format 62                   kriging, gstat 349
import, SHAPE vector 74                   kriging, R 358
import, TIFF 65
import, WFS 78                            Lambert Conformal Conic 17
import, WMS 64                            land cover factor 158, 382
intensity (IHS model) 310                 Land Surface Temperature 301
interoperability 53                       land use class 296
interpolation 230                         land use/land cover maps 314
interpolation, bilinear 119               LANDSAT 5
interpolation, IDW 119, 232               LANDSAT-TM5 290, 292, 300
interpolation, inverse distance weighted  LANDSAT-TM7 298, 300, 311, 313
      See also interpolation, IDW 232     landscape process modeling 155
interpolation, kriging 262, 349, 358      landscape structure analysis 153
interpolation, large data sets 244        latitude-longitude 16, 45, 46, 120
interpolation, multivariate 258           lattice 8
interpolation, nearest neighbor 119       layer 73
interpolation, precipitation 258          least-cost algorithm 135, 144
interpolation, RST 119, 235               legend, vector map 171
interpolation, RST, comparison to IDW     length-slope factor 158, 382
      245                                 lidar 5, 61, 203, 209, 244, 249, 288


line length, vector map 192                 mapset 24, 40
line of sight 152                           mapset, search path 35, 294
line segment 198                            MASK 337
linear reference system 221                 MASK        See also r.mask 103
linear regression 131                       MASK, creating with r.mapcalc 111
lines 7, 9, 169                             massive DEM 147
listing of maps 34                          MAT MATLAB format, import 64
location 23, 40                             MATLAB data, import 75
location, auto-generate 60, 338             matrix filters 307
location, create 37, 40, 44                 Maximum Likelihood classifier       See
location, create latitude-longitude 40            also MLC 315
location, create xy 44                      MayaVi 81
location, remove 36                         meshes 9
low pass filtering 308                      metadata 86, 172, 291
lpr 272                                     mixed pixels 316, 321
LRS        See also linear reference system mkdir 29
       221                                  MLC 316, 318, 327
LUT 297                                     MODIS 5, 323
                                            monitor, frames 263
m.proj 45, 199, 217                         monitor, list of displayed maps 84
Maas river bank soil pollution data         monitor, multiple 32
       347, 348, 351                        monitor, size 263
main 343                                    monitor, split 263
Makefile 342                                movies      See also animations 282
Manhattan metric 135                        moving window 307
Manning 163                                 MPEG format, export 69
map algebra 9                               MrSID format, import 62
map algebra         See also r.mapcalc      multimedia 12
       105                                  multispectral data, classification 314
map datum 14, 18                            multitemporal data, analysis 323
map datum, NAD27 17, 18                     multitemporal data, visualization 269
map datum, NAD83 17, 18                     mv 29, 36
map datum, transformation 18                MySQL 10, 173
map datum, WGS84 18                         MySQL driver 176
map extent 56
map features 9                              NASA WorldWind 11, 210
map legend 85                               national grid systems 15
map mosaic 114                              NDVI 107, 304
map printing 271                            netpbm tools 67, 69
map projection 13                           network analysis 216
map projection, azimuthal 14                network file system (NFS) 54
map projection, conformal 14                nodes extraction 199
map projection, conic 14                    nodes, vector 9
map projection, cylindrical 14              noise distribution model 133
map projection, equidistant 14              normality tests 196
map projection, equivalent 14               North American Datum 1927 18
map scale 8                                 North American Datum 1983 18
map, import and geocoding scanned           North Carolina data set 27, 83, 355
       66                                   NULL 70, 94, 103, 104, 107, 110


NULL, filling data holes in a raster        PERL 339
      maps 122                              PERMANENT 24
nviz 33, 210, 269, 273                      permissions, file 335
nviz, controlling light 277                 PHP 334, 339
nviz, cutting planes 279                    pipe 69, 98
nviz, displaying raster maps 273, 275       pit      See also depressions 144
nviz, displaying vector maps 276            pixel 8
nviz, exaggeration 280                      plane, generate 114
nviz, key frame animations 280              PNG driver 269
nviz, map queries 279                       PNG driver        See also driver 269
nviz, multiple maps 273                     point cloud 9
nviz, multiple surfaces 279                 points 9, 169
nviz, raster resolution 275                 points      See also vector map 7
nviz, saving settings 278                   polygons 70
nviz, screen saving to file 278             polygons, boundaries 201
nviz, scripting 283                         polygons, vector 9
nviz, surface properties 275                portability 331
nviz, view control 274                      PostGIS 10, 81, 179
                                            PostgreSQL 10, 81, 173
objects, geometrical 7                      PostgreSQL driver 176
oblique projection 15                       Postscript output 271
octtrees 245                                POVRay format, export 81
ODBC 10                                     PPM format, export 69
OGR 50, 73                                  ppmtompeg 283
OGR library 48, 73                          prevention measures factor 158, 382
ogr2ogr 50, 178, 208                        prime meridian 15
ogrinfo 50                                  primitives 70
Open Source software 1, 347                 Principal Component Transformation
OpenGL 333                                        See also PCT 305
OpenLayers 365                              profile 88
OpenOffice.org 81                           profile curvature 121
optimal route 138                           programmer's manual 341
optimum index factor method     292         programming, GRASS 331
Oracle 179                                  PROJ4 45
orthophoto 62, 161                          projection 47
OSGeo 3, 12, 365                            projection parameters 45
oversampling 246                            projection transformation 45
overshoot 191                               projection, Gauss-Krüger 18
overwrite, maps 25                          projection, Lambert Conformal Conic
                                                  17
pan 170                                     projection, oblique 15
parallel line 198                           projection, State Plane 17
parameter 25                                projection, transverse 15
parameter scans 283                         projection, Transverse Mercator 18
Paraview 81, 166                            projection, UTM 16
parser 337                                  PS driver       See also driver 269
patching raster maps 124                    ps.map 271
path radiance 299                           Public Domain software 2
PCT 305                                     Python 339


PyWPS       11, 340                         r.describe 86
                                            r.digit 92, 321, 327
QGIS 365                                    r.drain 138
QGIS (Quantum GIS) 26                       r.fill.dir 144
QGIS, digitizing tool 190                   r.fillnulls 122
QGIS, map file 365                          r.flow 143, 147
quadtrees 244                               r.gwflow 156
query form 193                              r.his 267
query, SQL 192                              r.in.ascii 60
query, vector-raster 193                    r.in.aster 64
                                            r.in.bin 63
R software for statistical computing        r.in.gdal 58­60, 67, 339
      See also R 196, 353                   r.in.gridatb 64
R, batch mode 363                           r.in.mat 64
R, contributed packages 354                 r.in.poly 61
R, current region 354                       r.in.srtm 64
R, demo() 354                               r.in.wms 64
R, example() 355                            r.in.xyz 61, 250
R, gstat() 360                              r.info 30, 86, 87, 104, 243, 246, 298
R, help pages 355                           r.lake 149
R, history() 355                            r.li 153
R, installation 354                         r.li.edgedensity 155
R, kriging 358                              r.li.mps 155
R, library() 355, 356                       r.li.patchdensity 154
R, plot() 357                               r.li.patchnum 153, 154
R, predict() 361                            r.li.richness 153
R, q() 355                                  r.li.setup 153, 154
R, readRAST6() 358                          r.li.shannon 155
R, readVECT6() 356                          r.li.simpson 153
R, spatial classes 353                      r.line 116
R, spplot() 358                             r.los 152
R, str() 356                                r.mapcalc 91, 105, 125, 139, 143, 161,
R, summary() 356                                    298, 302, 321, 324, 328, 352
R, surf.ls() 355                            r.mapcalc, graph operators 112
R, system() 358                             r.mapcalc, MASK 111
R, univariate statistics 356                r.mapcalc, NULL 110
R, variogram() 360                          r.mask 103, 337, 358
R, writeRAST6() 362                         r.median 128
r.average 128                               r.mfilter 308
r.buffer 133                                r.mode 128
r.carve 148                                 r.neighbors 126
r.cats 86, 96, 100, 126                     r.null 104
r.centroid 337                              r.out.ascii 61, 70
r.clump 102                                 r.out.mpeg 269
r.colors 84, 124, 232, 265, 312, 319, 353   r.out.ppm 69
r.composite 69, 267, 293                    r.out.ppm3 267, 293
r.contour 118, 119, 227                     r.out.vtk 69, 285
r.cost 137, 139                             r.out.xyz 70
r.cross 126                                 r.patch 124


r.plane, r3.cross.rast 168                  r3.mapcalc 168
r.profile 90                                r3.mask 168
r.proj 45, 47                               r3.out.ascii 70
r.random 117, 121, 202, 247                 r3.out.vtk 69, 284
r.random.cells 93                           r3.stats 168
r.random.surface 93                         r3.to.rast 167
r.reclass 94, 102                           radiometric resolution 290
r.reclass.area 97, 328                      radiometric transformations 303
r.recode 97, 114                            rainfall factor 158, 382
r.region 65                                 random points 202
r.report 90, 100, 101, 130, 153, 160,       random sampling 93, 202
       302, 337                             raster category label 54
r.resamp.interp 119, 120                    raster data model 7
r.resamp.rst 121                            raster data, floating point 107
r.resamp.stats 123                          raster data, integer 107
r.rescale 97                                raster data, interpolation      See also
r.rescale.eq 97                                   interpolation 119
r.series 324                                raster formats      See also formats 58
r.shaded.relief 142, 266                    raster formats, ASCII 58
r.sim.sediment 164                          raster formats, binary 58
r.sim.water 143, 163                        raster formats, image 58
r.slope.aspect 142, 233, 375                raster image, export 69
r.statistics 128                            raster image, import 58
r.stats 70, 90, 91, 101, 102                raster map types 54
r.sun 150                                   raster maps, algebra 105
r.sunmask 150                               raster maps, assigning category labels
r.support 59, 66, 86, 100                         99
r.surf.area 132                             raster maps, assigning new attributes
r.surf.contour 234                                100
r.surf.fractal 94                           raster maps, automated vectorization
r.surf.idw 121, 233                               115
r.terraflow 143, 147, 155                   raster maps, buffer 133
r.texture 128, 328                          raster maps, color tables 84
r.thin 116                                  raster maps, conversion between raster
r.timestamp 87                                    map types 97
r.to.rast3elev 167                          raster maps, create 92
r.to.vect 115, 116, 188, 227, 302, 307,     raster maps, digitizing 92
       327, 328                             raster maps, display 83
r.topidx 148, 155                           raster maps, filling data holes 122
r.topmodel 143                              raster maps, floating point 107
r.transect 90                               raster maps, import 58
r.univar 90, 104, 118, 337                  raster maps, legend 85
r.volume 132                                raster maps, managing category labels
r.walk 139                                        99
r.water.outlet 145                          raster maps, mask 103
r.watershed 143                             raster maps, metadata 86
r.what 88, 89, 300                          raster maps, NULL 104
r3.gwflow 156                               raster maps, patching 124
r3.info 167                                 raster maps, profile 88


raster maps, query 88                       satellite data, radiometric preprocessing
raster maps, reclassification 94                   297
raster maps, resampling 56, 119             satellite data, resolution 290
raster maps, resolution 56                  satellite data, surface temperature map
raster maps, spatial filter 97                     300
raster maps, subsets 91                     satellite data, thematic classification
raster maps, univariate statistics 90              314
raster maps, zoom 32, 91                    satellite data, thermal channel 300
raster model 8                              satellite data, variances 305
reclassification 94                         saturation 311
reclassified map, raster 55, 94, 314        scale 8, 249
reclassified map, vector 185                scale factor 15, 18
region 56                                   scanned map 66
region data, import 75                      scanned map, rectification 69
region, align to resolution 57, 229         scatterplot 297
region, relative coordinates 57             schema 176
region, saving 91                           script 335
region, spatial extent 65                   scripts, Python 335
rejection map 316                           scripts, shell 335
remote sensing, lidar 249                   sed 232, 334
remote sensing, lidar      See also lidar   segmentation 244
      288                                   segmentation, aerial photo 326
remote sensing, microwave 287               segmented processing 244
remote sensing, optical 287                 segments, visible 246
remote sensing, thermal 287                 Sequential Maximum A Posteriori
reprojection 45                                    classifier    See also SMAP 316
resampling 56                               shaded terrain 142, 247
resampling, bicubic 119                     shadow map 150
resampling, bilinear 119                    SHAPE format, export 80
resampling, nearest neighbor 119            shell 334
resampling, RST 121                         shell scripts 335
resolution 8, 42, 119, 290                  shortest distances 136, 139, 201
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation        shortest path 219
      158                                   sidescan sonar 61
RGB color composites 292                    Simple Features 75, 197
RGB color model 310                         simulations 12
rm 36                                       sink       See also depressions 144
RMS error 68, 80, 243                       sink filling 144
roughness penalty       See also surface    skeletonizing raster lines 115
      smoothness 237                        slope 121
route, optimal 138                          SMAP 315, 322, 326
routing 216                                 smoothness seminorm          See also
rows 8                                             surface smoothness 237
RUSLE/RUSLE3D 158                           soil factor 158, 382
                                            soil loss, annual 158, 382
satellite data, color composites 292        solar energy maps 150
satellite data, groups 297                  source code structure 341
satellite data, image calibration 298       spaghetti maps 191
satellite data, image fusion 310            spatial analysis 12


spatial convolution 307                     SWIG      333
spatial domain 307
spatial perturbation 202                    table join 206
spatial resolution 290                      tar 29, 36
spectral resolution 290                     Tasseled Cap transformation 300
spectrum, green vegetation 289              temperature map 300
spectrum, infrared 287                      terrain effects 298
spectrum, microwaves 288                    texture 328
spectrum, thermal 287                       thermal radiation 301
spectrum, unvegetated soil 289              thin flexible plate splines 235
spectrum, visible 287                       TIFF format, export 69
spectrum, water 289                         TIFF format, import 65
sphere 13                                   tiff, tfw file 59
spheroid 14                                 tile boundaries, dissolving 206
splines 9, 230                              time series 283, 323
SQL 173                                     time series analysis 323
SQL CAST 183                                timestamps 87
SQL queries 181                             TIN 236
SQL, character substitution 183             topographic parameters 121
SQL, column maintenance 179                 topographic wetness index 148, 381
SQL, column type casts 183                  topology 9, 117, 169, 188
SQL, column type conversions 183            topology, skipping 251
SQL, complex expressions 184                training areas 315, 321, 322, 327
SQL, GRANT 179                              training areas, generating from auxiliary
SQL, LIKE 222                                      maps 321
SQL, Null handling 182                      training map 319
SQL, pattern matching 182                   transect 88
SQL, REVOKE 179                             translucent map 266
SQL, SELECT 181                             Transverse Mercator 17
SQL, subquery expressions 182               transverse projection 15
SQL, table join 180                         Triangulated Irregular Network 236
SQL, table maintenance 179                  true map scale 15
SQL, UPDATE 184
SQL, WHERE 181                              undershoot 191
SQLite 10, 173                              Universal Soil Loss Equation 158
SQLite driver 175                           Universal Transverse Mercator       See
sqlite.db 175                                      also UTM 15
SRTM 5, 60                                  UNIX, piping        See also pipes 69
standard parallel 14                        unixODBC driver 177
State Plane Coordinate System 15, 17        UPS 16
stdout 69, 89                               upslope contributing area 159
Stefan-Boltzmann equation 301               USLE/USLE3D 158
subgroup signature 322                      UTM 15, 16, 46
sun illumination 150
sun position calculation 150                v.buffer 203
sunshine duration 152                       v.build 76, 197, 252
surface calculation 132                     v.build.polylines 191, 198, 222
surface smoothness 237                      v.category 73, 173, 187, 213, 214, 229
SVG format, export 81                       v.centroids 202


v.clean 75, 191, 197, 205, 213, 307         v.net.steiner 216
v.convert 70                                v.normal 196
v.db.addcol 179, 211, 218                   v.out.ascii 75, 81, 117
v.db.addtable 179, 186, 214                 v.out.dxf 81
v.db.connect 73, 179, 187                   v.out.ogr 210
v.db.dropcol 179, 211                       v.out.vtk 285
v.db.droptable 179                          v.overlay 206
v.db.join 180                               v.parallel 203
v.db.renamecol 179, 247                     v.patch 205, 247
v.db.select 173, 182, 211, 213, 215, 221,   v.perturb 202
       247                                  v.proj 45, 47, 48, 77, 210
v.db.update 173, 179, 184, 186, 218,        v.qcount 196
       319                                  v.random 202
v.delaunay 211                              v.rast.stats 194
v.digit 75, 197, 206, 321, 327              v.reclass 185
v.digit, digitizing 189                     v.report 186, 192, 328
v.digit, nodes snapping 191                 v.sample 194, 209
v.dissolve 204                              v.segment 198, 203
v.distance 201, 217, 224                    v.select 206, 208, 216
v.drape 210                                 v.split 198, 210
v.edit 191, 197, 204, 205, 220, 224         v.support 172
v.edit, digitizing 192                      v.surf.idw 232, 245
v.external 74, 179                          v.surf.rst 121, 122, 235, 244, 247
v.extract 182, 204, 216, 222, 229, 321      v.to.db 187, 199, 201, 205, 210, 211,
v.extrude 209                                     215
v.hull 211                                  v.to.points 199, 202, 247
v.in.ascii 76, 137                          v.to.rast 136, 139, 227, 232, 234, 252,
v.in.db 211                                       321, 327, 358
v.in.dxf 78, 79                             v.to.rast3 167, 261
v.in.e00 75                                 v.transform 78, 80, 209
v.in.garmin 76, 364                         v.type 202, 229
v.in.gpsbabel 76, 364                       v.univar 196
v.in.mapgen 75                              v.vol.idw 261
v.in.ogr 25, 73, 74                         v.vol.rst 235, 244, 260
v.in.region 47, 206                         v.volt.rst 235, 262
v.in.sites 70                               v.voronoi 211, 232
v.in.wfs 78                                 v.what 193
v.info 30, 172, 186, 197                    v.what.rast 193
v.kernel 229                                v.what.vect 186, 193
v.label 265, 272                            variograms 348
v.lrs.create 221                            vector color column 183
v.lrs.label 221                             vector colors 170, 183
v.lrs.segment 221                           vector data, digitizing 187
v.lrs.where 221                             vector data, geometry 196
v.net 202, 216, 217                         vector data, SQL 173
v.net.alloc 216                             vector data, topology 197
v.net.iso 216, 218                          vector editing 224
v.net.path 216                              vector geometry type 202
v.net.salesman 216                          vector layer 186, 201


vector map, geocoding 209                   vector, cookie cutter 206
vector map, history 172                     vectorization, automated 115
vector maps, 3D face 71                     vegetation index 107, 304
vector maps, area sizes 192                 verbosity, commands 25
vector maps, areas 70                       vertical units conversion 209
vector maps, attribute data 73              vertices extraction 199
vector maps, centroid 70                    vertices, vector 9
vector maps, clipping 206                   viewshed       See also line of sight 152
vector maps, columns 172                    visual analysis 263, 273
vector maps, common boundaries 188          visualization 12, 263
vector maps, converting to raster model     visualization, in 2D       See also d.rast
     227, 234                                     and      See also nviz 263
vector maps, digitizing      See also       visualization, in 3D 273
     vectorization 189                      visualization, multiple maps 273
vector maps, dissolving 204                 visualization, multitemporal data 269,
vector maps, feature extraction 204               280
vector maps, gap 75, 197                    visualization, nviz 273
vector maps, intersecting 206               visualization, Paraview 284
vector maps, islands 71                     volume 167
vector maps, layer 73                       volume calculation 132
vector maps, line length 192                volume, curvatures 262
vector maps, lines 70                       volume, gradients 262
vector maps, merging        See also        volume, of excavation 132
     patching 205                           volume-temporal interpolation 261
vector maps, nodes 70                       Voronoi polygons 230
vector maps, object type 70                 voxel 8, 166, 258, 261
vector maps, overshoot 197                  VTK format, export 81
vector maps, patching 205  
                                            walking person 139
vector maps, points 70
                                            watershed analysis 140
vector maps, polygon neighbors 215
                                            watershed outlet 145
vector maps, polylines 71
                                            waypoints, import 76
vector maps, querying 172
                                            Web Processing Service 11, 340
vector maps, reclassification 185           Web Services 11, 26, 340, 365
vector maps, selective object removal       WebGIS 340
     205                                    WebGIS, OpenLayers 365
vector maps, sliver 75, 197                 WebGIS, UMN/MapServer 365
vector maps, snapping 74, 188, 191          WFS, import 78
vector maps, topology 72, 169               wildcards 34, 269
vector maps, vertices 70                    WIND file 24
vector mask 206                             WMS, import 64
vector model 7, 9                           wxWidgets 333
vector native directions 197  
vector network analysis 216                 xganim 157, 167, 260, 269
vector points maps, spatial interpolation   XML 333
     230
vector points maps, transformation to       zonal statistics 102
     rasters 230                            zoom 91, 170
vector topology 197                         zoom, nviz 274